Deterrence and the Death Penalty econ威慑和死刑经济.ucsb.pptVIP

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Deterrence and the Death Penalty econ威慑和死刑经济.ucsb.ppt

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Deterrence and the Death Penalty Economic Conditions and Crime California Crime Index Turns Back Up in the New Millenium Damages: US Violence, 1993 Increase in CA Homicides 2002 to 2003: at least 10 more homicides @$1,191,000, increased damages of $11.9 million, minimum 2003: 2402 homicides @$1,191,000, total damages of $ 2.86 billion Questions About Crime Does the Expected Severity of Punishment Deter Crime? expected severity = probability of punishment * severity of punishment e.g. in LA County: 0.005*death penalty Why Do We Keep Building Prisons at Great Expense to Warehouse Convicts? Doesn’t deterrence work? Do we have to rely on detention? Controversy About the Death Penalty Death penalty is the most severe sentence. Does it deter crime? Opponents of the death penalty say no. Their evidence? Critiques of studies that indicate the death penalty is a deterrent. Why are so few murderers who receive the death sentence executed in California? Death sentence appeases the proponents. Few executions appeases the opponents. Policy Impact of Opponents to the Death Penalty As an instrument for crime control, deterrence has been a casualty of the argument about the death penalty. The argument: if the death penalty does not deter murderers, then deterrence must not work as a control. As a consequence, society relies more and more on detention for crime control. Society builds more and more prisons. Homicide in Los Angeles County 1990-1994: 9442 homicides Increasing number of gang murders 40 % of the total Only 1 in 3 murders leads to punishment gang killings are harder to solve Death Sentences Commuted:US Executions in the United States Prisoners on Death Row: US The Death Penalty in California Eleven persons were executed between 1965 and 2005 In January 2005, there were 640 convicts on death row Questions About Statistical Studies of Deterrence Do we know enough about the factors that cause crime? Can we find variables that will control for variation in crime generatio