Development Life Before Birth Aging出生前的生活和衰老.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Unit V: DevelopmentLife Before Birth Aging Chapter 26 Pgs. – 173, 269, 274, 306, 464-465, 638-639, 715, 754 Definitions Pregnancy – presence of a developing offspring in the uterus Fertilization – union of a haploid sperm cell and a haploid secondary oocyte Zygote – a fertilized egg; diploid # Prenatal Development Embryological development 4 weeks 8 weeks Fetal development 16 weeks Fertilization Fertilization Egg survival fertilization within 12-24 hours after ovulation Obstacles: vagina leukocytes of uterus wrong uterine tube 5-10 minutes from ejaculation ? uterine tube 10 hours for fertilization 72 hours for zygote to reach uterus Pre-embryonic Stage - First 2 Weeks Cleavage - mitotic divisions that occur for 3 days after fertilization within 30 hrs – zygote splits into 2 blastomeres within 72 hrs – morula Morula free in uterine cavity for 4-5 days Zona pellucida disintegrates to release blastocyst trophoblast - helps to form placenta inner cell mass - develops into embryo blastocoele – internal cavity From Ovulation to Implantation Day 9: Formation of Amniotic Cavity Day 10: Yolk Sac Formation Day 12: Gastrulation ENDOMETRIUM Blastodisc Amniotic cavity Blastocoele Amnion Cellular trophoblast Syncytial trophoblast Cellular trophoblast Yolk sac Lacuna Embryogenesis: Migrating cells leave the surface and move between the two existing layers to create: the ectoderm the endoderm the mesoderm Yolk sac Mesoderm Endoderm Embryonic disc Blastodisc Amnion Ectoderm Primitivestreak Pre-embryonic Implantation Trophoblast cells divide rapidly Embryonic Stage or Weeks 2 to 9 Begins when all 3 primary germ layers present Embryo begins receiving its nutrients from placenta Germ layers differentiate into organs and organ systems presence of organs marks the beginning of fetal stage Week 5 Week 3 Endometrium Amniotic cavity Embryo Uterine lumen Blastocoele Syncytial trophoblast Yolksac Amniotic cavity Bla