Developmental Biology, 9e SVSU发育生物学 SVSU 9E.pptVIP

DevBio9e-Fig-06-21-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-22-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-23-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-24-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-26-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-35-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-36-0.jpg Syncytial specification in Drosophila Syncytial – a multinucleated mass of cytoplasm that is not separated into individual cells. Schematic representation of experiments demonstrating that the bicoid gene encodes the morphogen responsible for head structures in Drosophila In this experiment by Driever et. al. (1990), bicoid mRNA from wild type Drosophila are injected into mutant strains or abnormal locations in other wild strains. Note the results in terms of head development. Bicoid mRNA and protein gradients shown by in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy Caudal protein gradient in the syncytial blastoderm of a wild-type Drosophila embryo ***Note that the gradient is complementary to that of bicoid. Model of anterior-posterior pattern generation by Drosophila maternal effect genes Bicoid protein gradient in the early Drosophila embryo Three types of segmentation gene mutations Gap Segmentation Mutation where the active gene differentiates the whole thorax region uniformly, and the mutant form lacks these segments. Pair-rule mutation where alternate segments do not develop normally in the mutant form. Segment Polairty mutation where the portion of the posterior segment does not develop in the mutant In normal, unmutated Drosophila, each segment produces bristles called denticles in a band arranged on the side of the segment closer to the head. Homeotic gene expression in Drosophila Homeotic genes cause the development of specific structures in plants and animals. A four-winged fruit fly constructed by putting together three mutations in cis-regulators of the Ultrabithorax gene End. * DevBio9e-Fig-06-01-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-03-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-02-0.jpg * DevBio9e-Fig-06-04-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-04-4R.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-05-0.jpg DevBio9e-Fig-06-06-0.j