小孔法测量CrNi奥氏体不锈钢焊接残余应力的适用性研究.docVIP

小孔法测量Cr-Ni奥氏体不锈钢焊接残余应力的适用性研究 李荣锋　祝时昌　陈亮山 摘　要　应变释放系数A、B的标定试验发现,直到单轴拉伸应力达到0.73σs时,孔边屈服产生的塑性变形才发生,对Cr-Ni奥氏体不锈钢小孔法测量残余应力的影响小。同时经过小孔法和全释放法测量实际焊接残余应力及其分布的对比发现,只要选择恰当的应变片,使之与小孔孔径匹配,小孔法测量高残余应力,特别是焊接残余应力仍有较好的适用性。SUS321不锈钢的对接接头的纵向焊接残余应力最大值为540MPa,大大超过母材屈服强度。关键词　适用性　小孔法　焊接残余应力　Cr-Ni奥氏体不锈钢 STUDY ON FEASIBILITY OF HOLE DRILLING METHODFOR MEASUREMENT OF WELDING RESIDUAL STRESSIN Cr-Ni AUSTENIC STAINLESS STEEL Li RongfongWuHan Iron and Steel Corp.Zhu Shichang　Chen LiangshanInstitute of Metal Research Academia Sinica Synopsis　It is found out from calibration tests of strain relief constant A B that plastic deformation caused by the yield around the drilling hole has little influence on the measurement of the welding residual stresses in Cr-Ni austenic strainless steel by the hole drilling method since it does not occur till the drawing stress at the single axis approaches 0.73σs.In the meanwhile results from a comparision of the measured value of the actual residual stress in Cr-Ni austenic strainless steel and its distribution by the hole drilling method with that by the section method indicate that the hole drilling method has better feasibility for measurement of high residual stress,and the high welding residual stress in particular provided the rosette of strain gauge is appropriately matched with the hole diameter.The peak of longitndinal residual stress in the butt weld joint of SUS 321 stainless steel is 540 MPa,which is far beyond the yield strength of the base metal.Keywords　feasibility　hole drilling method　welding residual stress　Cr-Ni　austenic steel 1　前　言　　德国人Mather于1934年最早提出了小孔法测量残余应力技术［1］。此后,特别是50年代以后,许多国家的研究者对此方法进行了大量的研究,其间的成就包括;残余应力应变释放常数试验的标定;理论公式及误差讨论;应变片(花)及钻孔设备的生产与改进等。美国ASTM机械试验委员会于1981年正式颁布了E837-81标准《小孔法测量残余应力标准试验方法》,1985年、1989年、1992年又3次作了修正与补充。　　小孔法根据成孔的方法不同分为4类;低速钻(转速小于1000 r/min,刃具包括钻头和端铣刀等)、高速钻(转速高达400000 r/min)、喷砂打孔、电化学成孔等。其中最廉价、使用最方便的是低速钻小孔法,它在工程上被广泛采用。但低速钻在用于不锈钢结构的焊接残余应力测定时,仍有许多问题有待解决。　　文献［2］根据Cr-Ni奥氏体不锈钢的特点,解决了电阻应变片(花)粘贴前的表面准备、应变片(花)与钻孔直径选择等许