2011语言学第三章.ppt

Lexicon/lexicology The benefits brought about by the study of lexicon A. Make better use of Modern Dictionaries B. Have better methods to remember new words and phrases 1. Alphabetical Table of Hard Words in 1604 one-word definition 2. Modern dictionary by DR. Samuel Johnson in 1755 All important words/ good meanings/ examples 3. Oxford English Dictionary Word history---etymology, study of the origin of words, study of the historical development of words LDOCE— Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English OALD-- Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English CDOEL---Collin Dictionary of the English Language DAI----A Dictionary of American Idioms Longman Dictionary of English Collocations The Oxford Study Thesaurus What information about a word is covered in the dictionary? Command of a word: pronunciation, spelling, word class, meaning in the context, collocation, its relations with other words in the word family, synonyms and antonyms, etc.  e.g. Alert Etymology French alerte fromItalian all erta[ on the lookout ] alla[ to the, on the ] Alert adj. Vigilantly attentive; watchful: 警觉的，警惕的；注意的： alert to danger; an alert bank guard. 警惕危险；警觉的银行保安人员 See: aware Mentally responsive and perceptive; quick. 思维敏捷的思维反应迅速且感觉灵敏的；快速敏捷的 Brisk or lively in action: 活泼的行动轻快或有活力的： the birds alert hopping from branch to branch. 小鸟在树枝间欢快地跳跃 alert n. A signal that warns of attack or danger: 警报警告进攻或危险的信号： Sirens sounded the alert for an air raid. 空袭警报的警笛响起 See: alarm A condition or period of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action: 警戒状态高度警惕或准备随时行动的状态或阶段： Nuclear-armed bombers were put on alert during the crisis. 核武装轰炸机在危机期间负责警戒 alert v.tr. a.lert.ed; a.lert.ing; a.lerts; To notify of approaching danger or action; warn: 向…报警对临近的危险或行动发出通知；警告： a flashing red light that alerted motorists to trouble ahead. 闪烁的红灯警告摩托车手前面有危险 on the alert Watchful and prepared for danger, emergency, or opportunity: 警戒着，防备着注意着且防备着危险、意外或机会： bird watchers on the alert for