DNA Based Biosensors基于核酸的生物传感器.pptVIP

DNA Based Biosensors Yingli Fu Biological Resources Engineering University of Maryland, College Park December 10, 2003 Outline Introduction Principles of DNA biosensors Types of DNA biosensors Improvement of DNA biosensors DNA biosensor miniaturization References Introduction Biosensor: DNA biosensor: Motivated by the application to clinical diagnosis and genome mutation detection DNA Structure DNA structures---double helix (complementary) 4 bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) sugar (deoxyribose) phosphate group DNA Stability Hydrogen bonding between base pairs Stacking interaction between bases along axis of double-helix Size and base content and sequence Principles of DNA biosensors Nucleic acid hybridization ---rennealing b/w the ssDNAs from different sources Forms of DNA Biosensors Electrodes Chips Crystals Immobilization of DNA Probe onto Transducer Surface Thiolated DNA for self assembly onto gold transducers Covalent linkage to the gold surface via functional alkanethiol-based monolayers Use of biotylated DNA for complex formation with a surface-confined avidin or strepavidin Covalent (carbodiimide) coupling to functional groups on carbon electrodes simple adsorption onto carbon surfaces Types of DNA Based Biosensors Optical, Electrochemical and Piezoelectric Molecular Beacon Based Optical Fiber DNA Biosensors Piezoelectric DNA Biosensors quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducers Piezoelectric DNA Biosensors (cont’s) Electrochemical DNA Biosensor DNA-immobilized electrodes, based on detection of hybridization redox intercalators to recognize dsDNA DNA-mediated electron transfer using mediators Use of ferrocene-labeled oligonucleotide probes that hybrize to immobilized DNA Enzyme labels were used to amplify the signal and improve the sensitivity Peroxidase Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) Electrochemical DNA Biosensor---An Example Amperometric DNA sensor using the pyrroquinoli