DRL Induced Glare The University of South DakotaDRL诱导南达科他大学的眩光.pptxVIP

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DRL Induced Glare The University of South DakotaDRL诱导南达科他大学的眩光.pptx

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DRL Induced Glare An Analytical Study of the Effects of Peak Luminous Intensity NHTSA Proposed RulemakingAugust 7, 1998 ? Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108: Lamps, Reflective Devices and Assoc. Equip. ? Proposed Rule Change: ? Reduction in the maximum permitted luminous intensity for vehicle daytime running lights [DRLs] Rational for Proposed Rulemaking ? 400+ complaints re: excessive glare from U.S. public on file (N.B. Virtually no complaints in Canada) ? “This action is intended to provide the public with all the conspicuity benefits of DRL’s while reducing glare” U.S. DRL Intensity Specification Current Maximum: 7000 cd ? ? compatible with Canadian specification ? compatible with high-beam headlamps operated at half voltage ? 34-inch maximum mounting height (else 3000 cd – rearview mirror glare) Proposed Maximum: 3000 cd (Phase I) 1500 cd (Phase II) ? ? demonstrated “conspicuity” benefits under high ambient daytime illumination (based on “search conspicuity” paradigms) ? minimal discomfort glare (especially re: rearview mirrors) Modeling the Magnitude of Glare Effects Disability Glare Adrian Bhanji (1991) equation Relative elevation of contrast threshold ? ? Discomfort Glare deBoer Subjective Rating Scale Schmidt-Claussen Bindels (1974) model Analytic Conditions (4) DRL Intensities 1500, 3000, 5000, 7000 cd (Proposed – Current NHTSA Maximum) ? ? (5) Observation Distances 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 m ? ? (6) Driver Light Adaptation States 1, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 (Dark-to-Brightest Summer Day) Driver Luminance Adaptation States Adaptation Ambient Time of Day State Illumination (cd/m2) (lux) ? road at night 5 100 ? twilight / dawn 250 5000 ? clear winter day 500-1500 10,000-30,000 ? brilliant summer day 5000 85,000+ ? ? Luminance (cd/m2) = illumination (lux) * reflectance / p assumption: average scene reflectance = 0.15 (asphalt road = 0.10, grass = 0.20) Adrian Bhanji (1991)Di