Ecosystems and Succession Boardworks Education生态系统演替boardworks教育.pptVIP

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Ecosystems and Succession Boardworks Education生态系统演替boardworks教育.ppt

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* of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2012 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2012 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2012 Ecosystems An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms in a given area, along with the abiotic factors that influence them. Ecosystems are dynamic, continually changing as the organisms within them interact with one another and the ever changing environment. Energy and nutrients generally flow between organisms within the same ecosystem, and little is lost to the outside. Biotic and abiotic factors An ecosystem is formed of biotic and abiotic components. Biological organisms are part of their ecosystem’s biotic component. The organisms within an ecosystem all affect one another, acting as either an energy source, or a competitor. Some abiotic factors, such as the soil, can be altered by the presence of organisms. The abiotic component is the non-biological part of an ecosystem. This includes the climate, light level and rainfall. Niches All organisms occupy a specific niche within an ecosystem.A niche is often described as an organism’s role within its ecosystem. It encompasses its food source, habitat, physiology and behavior. Natural selection ensures that organisms are adapted to a specific niche. Overlap between the niches of two species in the same ecosystem results in interspecific competition. How are these two finches adapted for different niches? Describing niches Succession Succession is the gradual change in a community over time. Primary succession occurs when organisms colonize a lifeless habitat. During succession the organisms within an ecosystem change its abiotic conditions. Secondary succession occurs when organisms recolonize a devastated ecosystem. This allows better adapted organisms to colonize the area, replacing its current inhabitants. Sand dune succession Species adaptations during succession Succession on a rocky surface Conservation of habitats Each seral stage of succession has distinct biotic and abiotic characteristics. It may be nec