Europe Reaches Out UWGreen Bay欧洲达到了威斯康星绿湾.pptVIP

Pre-Contact America Pre-contact population of Americas once estimated at perhaps 5-10 million Estimates based on Observed population at time of contact Stereotype that Indians could not sustain a complex society Early estimates now known to be at least 10 times too small May have been more people in the Americas than Western Europe Conquest of the Americas Europeans greatly outnumbered Weapons advantage potentially offset by numbers European mortality high from disease Spanish had been expelling Arabs for 700 years No reason to expect native societies to collapse upon conquest Not the slam dunk we sometimes think The Micro-Immigrants Indians isolated from Old World disease pool Introduced diseases: smallpox, chicken pox, measles, cholera, malaria Effects extended far beyond contact areas Overall mortality may have been 80%+ Why didn’t diseases travel other way as well? (Syphilis?) The Course of One Epidemic Two Important Points about Disease in the New World First Europeans did not know they were carrying contagious diseases Europeans did not know that Indians lacked immunity to European diseases Would things have been different if they had known? Maybe not, but you can’t judge people for what they might have done Europe Reaches Out The Age of Exploration Entire populations and cultures have been transplanted in recent centuries 59 million inhabitants of Great Britain 270 million English-speakers in U.S. 30 million in S. Africa 28 million in Canada 18 million in Australia. 39 million inhabitants in Spain 250 million Spanish speakers in Latin America Largest Spanish city is Mexico City (half the population of all of Spain) 10 million inhabitants in Portugal 160 million Portuguese speakers in Brazil Largest Portuguese city is Sao Paulo (more inhabitants than Portugal) Largest French city is still Paris But the second largest is Montreal. 16 million inhabitants in Holland, 10 million Afrikaans speakers in S. Africa. There are 5 million Jews in Israel, 5 million in