环境工程与科学专业英语.docVIP

Unit 2 The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environmental problems: their causes, why they are of concern, and how we can control them. 这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题：它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。 Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health，survival，or activities of humans or other living organisms. 污染可以被定义为有害影响健康，生存，活动的人或其它生物体的空气，水，或土地的物理，化学或生物特性的不应该有的变化。 A current example is the acid rain problem stemming from the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases into the atmosphere from the stacks of generating stations, smelters, and automobile exhausts. 目前的一个例子是酸雨问题，根源是许多发电站，冶炼，汽车排出的废气中进入大气的二氧化硫和氮氧化物气体。 These gases are then transported by air currents over wide regions, Rainfall “washes them out”, creating acid rain which is harmful to aquatic life, forests, and agricultural crops. 然后这些气体被气流运送到广阔的区域。雨水“将它们洗去”，产生了对水生生物，森林和农作物有害的酸雨。 Both phenomena, urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental cause of water and air pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle. 城市化和工业化的现象，在过去和现在都是引起水和空气污染的根本原因，这在当时的城市还不能够处理。 This led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of waterborne diseases. Note that all wastes discharge into environment, and thus pollute our water, air, and land system. 这导致水传染疾病的发生率大量地减少。注意，所有的废物排放到环境中都会污染我们的水、空气和土地系统。 Unit 8 Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high enough concentrations to harm humans, other animals, vegetation or materials. 空气污染通常是指那种包含一种或多种化学物质富集到高浓度并足以伤害人类、其他动物、植物或材料的空气。 By themselves, measured concentrations tell us nothing about the danger caused by pollutants, because threshold levels, synergy, and biological magnification are also determining factors. 通过测出的浓度自身并不能告知我们有关污染物所带来的危险的信息，因为临界浓度、协同作用还有生物放大效应都是决定因素。 Unit 10 The concept of using microorganisms for the re