Chapter3SupplyandDemand讲解.ppt

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Chapter3SupplyandDemand讲解

Features of Mixed Economy Mix of market and command economies. Some economic sectors are privately owned and left to free market mechanism. Some economic sectors are state owned and planned by government. How do you define socialist market economy? The allocation of resources is basically determined by the market forces (ie. the price is determined by the mechanism of supply and demand) under the governmental macro regulation and control. 社会主义市场经济是同社会主义基本制度结合在一起的,市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。 Background and terminology Forms of Monopoly Cartel (see p. 33 in the textbook) From French, meaning agreement or alliance 它是资本主义垄断组织的一种重要形式,也是最初级的一种形式。卡特尔的特点是各个企业之间相互独立,且各个垄断企业的经营水平,经营规模,产量等没有太多的差别。 Typical example: OPEC(石油输出国组织) Trust (see p. 33 in the textbook) 是垄断组织的高级形式。由许多生产同类商品的企业或产品有密切关系的企业合并组成。旨在垄断销售市场、争夺原料产地和投资范围,加强竞争力量,以获取高额垄断利润。参加的企业在生产上、商业上和法律上都丧失独立性。 Typical example: Exxon Mobil(埃克森·美孚) Differences between Trust Cartel Control over management Stable combination Control over management The trust plan, it manages and controls the affairs of the company in the best interest of members companies. The cartel controls the over-production and sales of goods and tries to secure a degree of monopoly. The internal management remains in the hands of the company. Stable combination Trust is the stable combination and a member cannot withdraw from it easily. The cartel is a loose form of combination and a member can easily come out of it. syndicate辛迪加 The word syndicate comes from the French word syndicat which means trade union A syndicate is a self-organizing group of individuals, companies formed to transact some specific business, or to promote a common interest. syndicate 垄断组织形式之一,也是中间的一种形式。参加辛迪加的企业,在生产上和法律上仍然保持自己的独立性,但是丧失了商业上的独立性,销售商品和采购原料由辛迪加总办事处统一办理。 concern:康采恩 A concern (German: Konzern相关利益共同体) is a German type of business group. It results from the merger of several legally independent companies; an economic entity under unified management. These associated compan

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