现在完成时的用法现在完成时的概念及构成形式现在完成时.pptVIP

* * 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时的概念及构成形式： 现在完成时表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响或过去的动作持续到现在。 其结构为：have/has + 动词的过去分词。 否定形式：haven’t/hasn’t + 动词的过去分词； 疑问形式：Have/Has you, he…done …? 回答为： Yes, I have/No, I haven’t. 规则动词的过去分词形式与动词的过去式形式相同，如：finished, stayed, planned, arrived, studied等；不规则动词的过去分词需要参照附录中的去加以记忆。但大多数不规则动词的过去分词与过去式的形式相同。 现在完成时的用法： 过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。它常与already(已经), ever（曾经）, just（刚刚）, never（从未）, yet（还，尚）, recently（最近）等副词连用；也可以与in the last few days/weeks/years/, these days/weeks/years/, so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。在这些副词中，already与yet是相对应的，already用于肯定句中，yet用于否定句中。 E.g. We’ve already finished our work. / We haven’t finished our work yet. He has just arrived here. I have never been to Britain. / Have you ever been to Britain? I’ve read a new book recently. / Shanghai has developed very quickly in the past few years. 过去开始的动作持续到现在，它往往和for, since构成的时间状语连用。for用于一段时间之前，而since用于某一特定的时刻之前。 E.g. Diana has been in Shanghai for three years. I haven’t seen you for a long time. I have studied English for six years. / I have learned English since 2002. Great changes have taken place in Shanghai since 1993. 句中有for+一段时间或since+时间点，则句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。以下是一些短暂性动词对应的延续性动词： arrive → be in, begin → be on, borrow → keep, buy → have, die → be dead finish → be over leave → be away from, join → be in / be a member fall asleep → be asleep catch a cold → have a cold 表示反复性和习惯性的动作，它常与表示次数的副词连用，如：twice, three times, several times. E.g. I have seen the film twice. / I’ve read Sherlock Holmes three times. 4、have gone to / have been to 的区别： have gone to 表示去了某地还没回来。（在去得路上，或在那个地方） have been to表示去了某地已经回来了。（已经不在所说的那个地方） E.g. Where has your father gone? He has gone to Beijing. I have been to Beijing twice. *