机械手的说明书总体方案设计【毕业论文+CAD图纸全套】.doc

机械手的设计 摘要 本文简要地介绍了工业机器人的概念，机械手的组成和分类，机械手的自由度和座标型式，气动技术的特点，PLC控制的特点及国内外的发展状况。 本文对机械手进行了总体方案设计，确定了机械手的座标型式和自由度，确定了机械手的技术参数。同时，分别设计了机械手的夹持式手部结构以及吸附式手部结构;设计了机械手的手腕结构，计算出了手腕转动时所需的驱动力矩和回转气缸的驱动力矩;设计了机械手的手臂结构，设计了手臂伸缩、升降用液压缓冲器和手臂回转用液压缓冲器。 设计出了机械手的气动系统，绘制了机械手气压系统工作原理图。利用可编 程序控制器对机械手进行控制，选取了合适的PLC型号，根据机械手的工作流程制定了可编程序控制器的控制方案，画出了机械手的工作时序图和梯形图，并编制了可编程序控制器的控制程序。 关键词：工业机器人，机械手，可编程序控制器(PLC) Design on the Currency Pneumatic Loading and Unloading Manipulator ABSTRACT At first,the paper introduces the conception of the industrial robot and the elertary information of the development briefly. Whats more,the paper accounts for background and the primary mission of thetopic. The paper introduces the function,composing and classification of the manipulator,tells out the free-degree and the form of coordinate.At the same time,the paper gives out the primary specification parameter of this manipulator. This paper designs the structure of the hand and the equipment of the drive of the manipulator,and analyzes the error of the orientation of the fingers. The paper designs the structure of the wrist,computes the needed moment of the drive when the wrist wheels and the moment of the drive of the pump. The paper designs the structure of the arm,and designs the hydraulic pressure buffer when the manipulators arm flexes,ascend,descend and wheels . The paper designs the system of air pressured rive and draws the work principle chair. The manipulator uses PLC to control.The paper institutes two controls chemes of PLC acordine to the work flow of the manipulator.The paper draws out the work time sequence chart and the trapezia chart.What’s more,the paper work out the control program of the PLC. KEY WORDS industrial robot, manipulator, pump, PLC 目录 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 1 绪 论 1 1.1机械手概述 1 1.2机械手的组成 2 1.3国内外发展状况 5 1.4设计的目的及意义 6 2．夹紧机构 7 2．1夹钳 7 2．2扇形齿轮 8 2．3液压缸 9 2．3．1缸径 9 2．3．2活塞 10 2．3．3后端盖 12 2、3、4前端盖 13 3．拖动系统 16 3．1电机的选取 16 3．2齿轮箱部分 17 3．3.润滑方式 26 3.3.1.齿轮的润滑方