木霉菌制剂防治设施大棚番茄灰霉病效果研究.docVIP

木霉菌制剂防治设施大棚番茄灰霉病效果研究 　　摘要 通过马铃薯葡萄糖培养基平皿对峙培养，筛选出对番茄灰霉菌（Botrytis cinerea）有拮抗活性的木霉（Tricheoderma spp.）菌株TR34、TR64、TR85和TR353。将这4株木霉菌分别制成含2×108个/g活孢子可湿性粉剂，用于室内生测试验。结果显示，经TR85可湿性粉剂处理的番茄植株病情指数（DS）显著低于（P≤0.05）经TR34、TR64、TR353和50%速克灵可湿性粉剂以及清水对照处理番茄植株。进一步将TR85可湿性粉剂用于2012年和2013年在上海金山地区的大棚番茄灰霉病防治药效试验。2年的试验结果基本一致，经TR85可湿性粉剂3 750、3 000 g/hm2处理的番茄植株的病情指数分别显著低于（P≤0.05），而防治效果分别显著高于（P≤0.05）经Tr85可湿性粉剂2 250 g/hm2和50%速克灵病情指数处理，且TR85 3 000、3 750 g/hm2处理之间的病情指数和防效无显著性差异。 　　关键词 大棚番茄；木霉菌；番茄灰霉菌；生物防治；病情指数 　　中图分类号 S436.412.1+3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）03-0136-03 　　Abstract By conducting a screen test on petri dishes with potato dextrose agar（PDA），4 Trichoderma spp. strains TR34、TR64、TR8 and TR353 were selected，which showed antagonistic activities against the growth of the causal pathogen（Botrytis cinerea）of tomato grey mould disease. A wettable powder（WP）formulation containing 2×108 /g viable spores was prepared with each of the 4 strains，which were then used for an indoor bioassay. The results showed that the disease severity（DS）of the tomatos treated with TR85 WP were significantly lower（P≤0.05）than those treated with the WPs of TR34、TR64、TR353、procynidone and those treated with water（control）as well.The TR85 WP was further used in field efficacy tests on suppressing the disease under plastic-house conditions located in Jinshan area of Shanghai in 2012 and 2013.The results of the 2-year field tests were similar that the DS and the efficacy rate（%）of disease control（ERDC）of the tomatos treated with TR85 WP 3 750 g/hm2 and 3 000 g/hm2 were significantly lower（P≤0.05）and significantly higher（P≤0.05），respectively，than those treated with TR85 WP 2 250 g/hm2 and 50% procynidone WP，even there were no significant differences on the parameters of the DS and the ERDC between TR85 WP 3 750 g/hm2 and 3 000 g/hm2. 　　Key words tomato in plastic house；Trichoderma；tomato grey mould disease；biocontrol；disease severity 　　番茄灰霉病是一种重要的保护地蔬菜病害，在高湿低温条件下发生普遍，主要危害番茄的花和果实，可造成20%～40%的减产[1]，对保护地番茄生产构成极大威胁[