权衡供水与发电目标的水库调度建模及优化.docVIP

权衡供水与发电目标的水库调度建模及优化 　　摘要：以供水水库为研究对象，考虑了水库的供水、发电目标及两目标的权衡，构建了供水计算、发电计算和多目标计算等三个模型，并分别通过二次规划、混合整数线性规划、非线性规划对三个模型进行优化求解。研究涉及高维性、非线性、多目标在内的水库优化调度问题求解难点。以某两水库调度问题为例，应用优化软件LINGO高质高效求解，为以供水与发电作为主要目标的水库调度问题求解分析提供了示范。 　　关键词：水库调度；缺水指数；多目标；二次规划；混合整数线性规划；非线性规划 　　中图分类号：TV697.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号2015 　　Modeling and optimizing reservoir operation for tradeoff between water supply and power generation objectives 　　LI Xiang1，WEI Jiahua2，SI Yuan2，YIN Dongqin3 　　（1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100038，China； 　　2.State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China； 　　3.Electric Power Planning Engineering Institute，Beijing 100120，China） 　　Abstract：This paper focuses on the optimal operation of a water supply reservoir and considers both the water supply and power generation objectives and the tradeoff between the two objectives.The water supply model，power production model，and multiobjective model are formulated and solved by quadratic programming，mixed integer linear programming，and nonlinear programming，respectively.The highdimensional，nonlinear，and multiobjective difficulties inherent to the optimal operation of reservoir system are involved in this study.A tworeservoir problem is taken as a case study and resolved effectively and efficiently using the optimization software LINGO.The study provides a demonstration for reservoir operation with water supply and power generation as the main objectives. 　　Key words：reservoir operation；shortage index；multiobjective analysis；quadratic programming；mixed integer linear programming；nonlinear programming 　　水资源规划管理的理念是用系统化、最优化的方法统筹兼顾各部门的用水利益。以水库供水调度为例，研究对象可以是小到某一地区的供水问题，如黄强等[12]通过优化水库调度以解决城市供水问题，大到某一流域的水量分配问题，如魏加华等[3]通过建立自适应模型以研究黄河流域水量分配问题，甚至是跨流域的调水问题，如游进军等[4]以国内南水北调等跨流域调水工程为例综述了相关研究方法。已有研究一般通过优化确定水库运行的对冲规则，目标原则上不仅要平衡受水地区当前的缺水状况，而且要为远期供水预留一定的蓄水量，避免灾难性缺水情景发生[5]；这是因为在旱季，受水地区一次灾难性缺水带来的后果比长期轻微供水不足产生的影响要严重许多[6]。 　　水库群优化调度问题具有高维性、非线性、多目标等特征。水资