核桃雌花芽生理分化期芽中营养物质含量的变化.docVIP

核桃雌花芽生理分化期芽中营养物质含量的变化 　　摘要：采用形态学观察和生理生化测定相结合的方法，研究核桃（Juglans regia L.）雌花芽生理分化期的可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量的变化规律，并对比早实核桃与晚实核桃生理分化阶段营养物质含量的不同，从而为生产上调控核桃雌花芽分化提供理论依据。结果表明，核桃雌花芽生理分化阶段可溶性糖呈先上升后下降的趋势，可溶性淀粉含量呈先下降后上升的趋势，可溶性蛋白质含量呈整体上升的趋势。通过不同品种间营养物质含量的比较可知，在核桃雌花生理分化阶段，早实核桃的可溶性糖和可溶性淀粉含量高于晚实核桃，但其可溶性蛋白质含量低于晚实核桃。 　　关键词：核桃（Juglans regia L.）；雌花芽；生理分化期；营养物质 　　中图分类号：S664.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）19-5047-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.19.037 　　Agricultural University， Baoding 071001， Hebei， China） 　　Abstract： In this paper， by using the method of combining morphology observation and physiological and biochemical test， the laws of various factors changes in the period of physiological differentiation were researched， including flower buds sugar， starch， protein， and the difference of nutrient contents between precocious walnut and serotinous walnut in the physiological differentiation stage were compared， which would provide a theoretical basis for the production of walnut female flower buds differentiation. The results showed that， during walnut female flower buds physiological differentiation stage， soluble sugar content was upward after a decline， and soluble starch content was downward after increased， protein content appeared upward trend. Through the comparison of nutrient content among different varieties， the results indicated that， during walnut female flower buds physiological differentiation stage， the sugar and starch content of precocious walnut was higher than serotinous walnut， but the protein content of precocious walnut was lower than serotinous walnut. 　　Key words： Juglans regia L.； female floral bud； physiological differentiation stage； nutriment 　　核桃（Juglans regia L.）是中国重要的经济树种[1]。近年来，核桃品种化栽培发展迅速，特别是早实核桃以其早果丰产等突出特点，发展速度较快，但早实核桃原产于新疆，存在对部分地区自然条件不适应的现象，结果后很快表现早衰和病虫害严重等缺点，而中国传统栽培的核桃品种多为晚实核桃，对自然条件有很好的适应性。但晚实核桃以顶花芽结果为主，幼树生长较旺，形成花芽也较少，坐果率较低，造成了晚实核桃进入盛果期较晚。花芽分化是指由叶芽的生理组织状态转化为花芽的生理组织状态，然后发育成花器官原基雏形的过程。果树花芽分化与多种物质有关，作为结构物质和能量物质的可溶性糖、蛋白质和淀粉在花芽分化过程中起着重要作用[2-4]，