Minerals on the Go矿物的去.pptVIP

Minerals on the Move Transport in the Blood and Cellular Uptake 4 ways Minerals penetrate the Cell Membrane Simple Diffusion Passive transport (facilitated diffusion) Active transport (energy-dependent) Receptor-mediated endocytosis * Postabsorption (postprandial) events in mineral nutrition 1. Transport in the blood 2. Movement across membranes 3. Intracellular location ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Rule: Whereas macrominerals (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- etc.) travel in the blood and access cells primarily as free ions, the micronutrients (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2,, Se) rely on proteins and other ligands for transport and delivery Rule: In general, because of their bulk, macrominerals use the energy of diffusion to gain access to the cytosol from the extracellular fluid, microminerals require energy-driven transport mechanisms. Rule: Targeting microminerals to select organs and locations within cells is a function of transport proteins in concert with low Mwt ligands. Rule: Common to both macro-and microminerals are specific portals or gateways to channels in the membranes through which minerals can move from outside to inside the cell. The activity of these portals is carefully regulated. Rules to Consider Major Blood Minerals Calcium Magnesium 0.48-0.66 Total (mmol/L) Bound (mmol/L) 0.1 – 0.3 2.5 1.0 – 1.5 % Bound 46 32 Potassium 3.5 – 5.0 Sodium 135 - 145 Chloride 98 - 108 minor minor minor Phosphate 0.7 – 1.4 70 (phospholipids) _ _ _ 0.5 – 1.0 Transport in the Blood A variety of transport carriers have been identified for both macro- and microminerals The objective of blood transport is to relocate an absorbed mineral to its action site or storage site Fe (non heme) Zn Cu Mn Transferrin ?-2 macroglobulin, albumin Ceruloplasmin, serum albumin Transferrin Ca Mg Transport proteins generally work with receptors on cell membranes Albumin (50% protein bound) Albumin (32% protein bound) Se Selenoprotein P ???????????