Neurobiology of Language TypePad神经生物学语言TypePad.pptVIP

Immediate Objectives to describe, in general terms, how cortical processing machinery is initially organized by input exposure. to further elaborate studies of the development of abnormal cortical (system) processing as models for developmental language/reading impairment. to further define ‘risk factors’ that interplay with developmental processes (such as inherited faults) to generate abnormal outcomes. to determine whether, and how we might prevent or correct these developmental disabilities in infancy, or in later life. Evoked magnetic (MEG) waveform response to 2-tone stimulus pairs with 200ms ISI Cortical Plasticity The cortical representation of sensory stimuli, such as touch and sound, is well organized topographically. Research at UCSF first identified that this organization could be altered in ADULT primates through carefully designed behavioral experiences. Brain Plasticity Research Neuroscience Principles Cortical Plasticity in Auditory Development in Rat P12-P30: the adult tonotopic frequency map develops by passive refinement of receptive fields and reduction in cortical area (CRITICAL PERIOD). Passive exposure to pulsed noise or complex tone patterns disrupted normal development which persisted in adults. Exposure to constant noise delayed normal development but was “passively” modifiable in adult. In normal adults “active” exposure to tones is required to modify the maps. Necessary Elements Motivation: the person must attend closely to the stimuli. Repetition: thousands of stimuli must be presented. Adaptive Difficulty Level: the difficulty of the tasks must adapt so that the tasks are always near the person’s threshold. Feedback on whether response was correct (reward). Images of the Reading Brain Goal: To Determine if Language Instruction Changes Reading Performance and Brain ActivityDesign: Pre-Post test comparison of an Experimental and Control Group. Students received the program at their school district. Stanford University cond