Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceNMR Ames Laboratory核磁共振NMR艾姆斯实验室.pptVIP

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Yuji Furukawa A121 Zaffarano furukawa@ameslab.gov H0 = 0 H0 ≠ 0 Iz= -1/2 Iz = 1/2 Nuclear spin lattice relaxation T1 Boltzmann distribution thermal equilibrium state Resonance (absorption) nonequilibrium state Relaxation (energy emission to lattice (electron system) - thermal equilibrium state T1 is a time constant (from nonequilibrium to equilibrium states) Nuclear spin lattice relaxation T1 Relaxation is induced by fluctuations of hyperfine field with NMR frequency How to measure nuclear spin lattice relaxation T1 x y z H1 t-dependence of signal intensity I(t)=I0(1-exp(-t/T1)) T1 can be estimated x y z H1 Saturation 2/π π No mag. in xy-plane Ｉ(0)＝0 When ｔ~0 t= ∞ x y z 2/π π I(t)=I0 Signal intensity is proportional to xy-component of nuclear magnetization block diagram (NMR spectrometer) Receiver Amp PSD LPF PSD Multiplication of Input frequencies - out put frequency difference and sum NMR spectrum Zeeman interaction (interaction between magnetic moment and magnetic field) Electric quadrupole interaction (I1/2) ( interaction between electric field gradient and nuclear quadrupole moment) + + + + Nuclear is NOT spherical but ellipsoidal body (I1/2) For η＝0 η: assymmetry parameter NMR spectrum m=±5/2 m=±1/2 m=±3/2 12A 6A eq=0 eq≠0 1. Hquadrupole≠0，　Ｈ＝0 2. Hzeeman Hquadrupole ω 6Ａ 12Ａ Hq＝0 I=5/2 NQR (nuclear quadrupole resonance) ω 5/2 3/2 1/2 -1/2 -3/2 -5/2 NMR spectrum in powder sample -3/2 3/2 -1/2 1/2 ?ω3/2→1/2 ?ω-1/2→-3/2 ?ω1/2→-1/2 powder pattern (I=3/2) ωn ωn-2A1 ωn-A1 ωn+A1 ωn+2A1 A1=1/4e2qQ/? ωn－16A2/9? ωn+A2/? ωn 2nd oeder splitting of central transition for powder pattern spectruim θ=0 θ=90 HzHQ (I=3/2) Center line is affected in 2nd order perturbation NMR spectrum in powder sample 93Nb-NMR in NbO (field sweep spectrum) Textbook like typical powder pattern spectrum I=9/2 ωn－16A2/9? ωn+A2/? ωn Central transition line Opposite