PowerPoint Presentation AST121 Introduction to PowerPoint演示文稿 ast121介绍.pptVIP

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PowerPoint Presentation AST121 Introduction to PowerPoint演示文稿 ast121介绍.ppt

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PowerPoint Presentation AST121 Introduction to PowerPoint演示文稿 ast121介绍

Quasars Chapter 17 Topics Quasars characteristics what are they? what is their energy source? where are they? how old are they? interactions of quasars and their light with other objects Quasar Characteristics Starlike appearance High redshift! (Hmm...) Luminosities up to1000 times normal galaxies In visible light, they are brighter than brightest giant elliptical galaxies Brighter than all other types of galaxies in gamma rays, X-rays, and infrared radiation First discovered because of high radio emission; “radio quiet” quasars actually outnumber the “radio loud” quasars Many exhibit emissions that vary in periods of days or weeks (Hmm... Spectrum shows emission lines of elements such as carbon, magnesium, oxygen, helium, and hydrogen Most also possess narrow absorption lines, usually with redshifts less than or equal to those of emission lines (Hmm...) Discovered in 1960s What are they? Supermassive blackholes at the centers of faint galaxies, perhaps 10-100 billion solar masses Why do we think this? quasars are similar to nearby active galactic nuclei a “fuzz” can be seen around nearby quasars nothing else can produce such a high luminosity in such a relatively small volume x-ray and radio jets are produced; this is consistent with a spinning, massive black hole What is their energy source? Black holes do not emit light. A supermassive black hole accretes matter in a disk only a few light days wide. As the charged particles are accelerated due to the gravitational and magnetic fields of the black hole, they give off high energy radiation. Where are they? High red shifts imply that they are very far away. Most are 1 billion light years or more from Earth. Some are more than 10 billion light years from Earth. Since none are close by, we believe that quasars are a product of the “early” universe and that most have since died out. But if they are a result of supermassive black holes gobbling up stars and gas within its event horizon, why can’t a quasar form today? I