QualitativeCategorical Data定性分类数据.pptVIP

Types of Data Types of data Categorical data Measurement data Categorical Data The objects being studied are grouped into categories based on some qualitative trait. The resulting data are merely labels or categories. Examples: Categorical Data Hair color blonde, brown, red, black, etc. Opinion of students about riots ticked off, neutral, happy Smoking status smoker, non-smoker Categorical data classified asNominal, Ordinal, and/or Binary Nominal Data A type of categorical data in which objects fall into unordered categories. Examples: Nominal Data Hair color blonde, brown, red, black, etc. Race Caucasian, African-American, Asian, etc. Smoking status smoker, non-smoker Ordinal Data A type of categorical data in which order is important. Examples: Ordinal Data Class fresh, sophomore, junior, senior, super senior Degree of illness none, mild, moderate, severe, …, going, going, gone Opinion of students about riots ticked off, neutral, happy Binary Data A type of categorical data in which there are only two categories. Binary data can either be nominal or ordinal. Examples: Binary Data Smoking status smoker, non-smoker Attendance present, absent Class lower classman, upper classman Measurement Data The objects being studied are “measured” based on some quantitative trait. The resulting data are set of numbers. Examples: Measurement Data Cholesterol level Height Age SAT score Number of students late for class Time to complete a homework assignment Measurement data classified asDiscrete or Continuous Examples: Discrete Measurement Data SAT scores Number of students late for class Number of crimes reported to SC police Number of times the word number is used Generally, discrete data are counts. Examples:Continuous Measurement Data Cholesterol level Height Age Time to complete a homework assignment Who Cares? For example ... Categorical data are commonly summarized using “percentages” (or “proportions”). 11% of students have a tattoo 2%, 33%, 39%, and 26% of the st