Radiation Safety Training MIT辐射安全训练麻省理工.pptVIP

Radioactive Materials Safety Training Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Protection Program William B. McCarthy, Ph.D., CHP wbm@mit.edu x3-0346 Outline Introduction Delegation of Authority Radiation Physics Units and Quantities Background and Occupational Radiation Doses Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Minimizing Radiation Exposures - ALARA General Radiation Safety and Surveys Purpose Provide for the protection of the Institute population, general public, and environment against radiation hazards associated with MITs possession, use, transportation, and disposal of radioactive material. Provide for the Institutes compliance with MDPH and other applicable radiation protection regulations. Massachusetts DPHRadiation Control Program MDPH 105 CMR 120.750, “Notices Instructions and Reports to Workers: Inspections.” Your Rights as a Radiation Worker MDPH 105 CMR 120.200, “Standards for Protection Against Radiation.” License/Registration - includes special conditions. State inspects every two years as well as surprise inspections. Responsibility Radiation Radiation: Energy in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves Ionizing Radiation: Radiation with sufficient energy to remove an electron from an atom or molecule. Radioactivity The process by which unstable atoms spontaneously transform to new atoms* and in the process emit radiation. Units of Activity Curie (Ci): 37 Billion transformations per second. (2.22 trillion per minute) Bequerel (Bq): 1 transformation per second. mCi and uCi are common quantities used in the lab (10 uCi up to 50 mCi). Natural Radioactivity in Your Body Nuclide Activity . Uranium 30 pCi (1.1 Bq) Thorium 3 pCi (0.11 Bq) Potassium 40 120 nCi (4.4 kBq) Radium 30 pCi (1.1 Bq) Carbon 14 0.4 μCi (15 kBq) Tritium 0.6 nCi (23 Bq) Poloni