Radiation Processes and Properties Surface Radiative 辐射过程和特性表面辐射.pptVIP

Radiation: Processes and PropertiesSurface Radiative Properties Chapter 12 Sections 12.4 through 12.7 Emissivity Emissivity (cont) Emissivity (cont) Abs, Ref Trans Abs, Ref Trans (cont) Absorptivity Reflectivity Reflectivity (cont) Transmissivity Kirchhoff’s Law Diffuse/Gray Surfaces Problem: Surface Emissivity and Absorptivity Problem: Surface Emissivity and Absorptivity (cont) Problem: Surface Emissivity and Absorptivity (cont) Problem: Energy Balance for an Irradiated Surface Problem: Energy Balance for an Irradiated Surface (cont) Problem: Energy Balance for an Irradiated Surface (cont) Problem: Energy Balance for an Irradiated Surface (cont) Problem: Energy Balance for an Irradiated Surface (cont) * Surface Emissivity Radiation emitted by a surface may be determined by introducing a property (the emissivity) that contrasts its emission with the ideal behavior of a blackbody at the same temperature. The definition of the emissivity depends upon one’s interest in resolving directional and/or spectral features of the emitted radiation, in contrast to averages over all directions (hemispherical and/or wavelengths (total). The spectral, directional emissivity: The spectral, hemispherical emissivity (a directional average): The total, hemispherical emissivity (a directional and spectral average): To a reasonable approximation, the hemispherical emissivity is equal to the normal emissivity. Representative values of the total, normal emissivity: Note: Low emissivity of polished metals and increasing emissivity for unpolished and oxidized surfaces. Comparatively large emissivities of nonconductors. Representative spectral variations: Note decreasing with increasing for metals and different behavior for nonmetals. Representative temperature variations: Why does increase with increasing for tungsten and not for aluminum oxide? Response to Surface Irradiation: Absorption, Reflection and Transmissi