Raising Awareness of Hemorrhagic Stroke提高出血性脑卒中的认识.pptVIP

Raising Awareness of Hemorrhagic Stroke By Kelly A. Taft, RN, BSN Nursing made Incredibly Easy! July/August 2009 2.1 ANCC contact hours Online: ? 2009 by Lippincott Williams Wilkins. All world rights reserved. Stroke Statistics Third leading cause of death in the U.S. 800,000 Americans experience stroke each year 30% become permanently disabled 20% require institutional care 4 months after the stroke Definition of Stroke Acute focal neurologic deficit Caused by a vascular disorder that injures brain tissue Two main types: ischemic and hemorrhagic ? Ischemic: caused by interruption of blood flow in a cerebral vessel ? Hemorrhagic: rupture of a cerebral blood vessel Hemorrhagic Stroke Spontaneous hemorrhage into the brain Accounts for the minority of cases Most frequently fatal stroke Most common etiology for individuals ages 18 to 45 Hemorrhagic Stroke Causes Intracranial hemorrhage: bleeding directly into brain matter (accounts for 41% of hemorrhagic stroke) ? Usually occurs in bifurcations of major arteries ? As a result of hypertensive hemorrhage (leads to hyperplasia within the vessel wall, which can lead to “breaks”), atherosclerosis, brain tumors, or certain medications Subarachnoid hemorrhage: bleeding surrounding the brain tissue ? From arteriovenous malformation (AVM), trauma, or aneurysm 20% are of unknown etiology Picturing Two Types of Hemorrhage Cerebral Aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm: dilation of the walls of cerebral arteries that develops as result of weakness in the wall ? Causes: atherosclerosis, congenital defect, hypertensive vascular disease, and trauma ? Commonly affected arteries: internal carotid, anterior cerebral, anterior and posterior communicating, and middle and posterior cerebral Picturing Cerebral Aneurysm AVM AVM: complex tangle of abnormal arteries and veins that lack a capillary bed and are linked by one or more fistulas ? Blood is shunted from the high pressure arterial system to the low pressur