Reactor Neutrino Experiments反应堆中微子实验.pptVIP

Aug.17, 2007 Determining Reactor Neutrino Flux Reactor Neutrino Experiments Reactor Neutrino Flux at a Glance Using PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) as examples in the following. (3-4)% U-235 enrichment. 95% is U-238. Neutrinos from subsequent ?-decays of fission fragments. Neutrino Flux Calculation Thermal Power KME, thermal power, Secondary Heat Balance Method. The most accurate measurement. Offline measurement, weekly or monthly Generally cited with (0.6-0.7)% uncertainties in literature. KIT/KDO, thermal power. Good for analysis. Primary Heat Balance Online Weekly calibrated to KME power. RPN, nuclear power Ex-core neutron flux monitoring Online Safety and reactor operation control Daily calibrated to KIT/KDO power Core Simulation Qualified core simulation code is normally licensed, not available for scientific collaborations. Need a lot of information from the power plant as inputs, such as configurations, fuel composition, operations (control rods movement, Boron dilution, etc), inlet temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc. Fission fractions, as a function of burn-up, could be a by-product of the refueling calculation, provided by the power plant. Spectra of Isotopes Lack of data of the ?-decays of the complex fission fragments, theoretical calculation on the neutrino spectra of isotopes carries large uncertainties. ILL measured the ? spectra of fissioning of U-235, Pu-239, and Pu-241 by thermal neutrons, and converted them to neutrino spectra. Normalization error 1.9%, shape error from 1.34% at 3 MeV to 9.2% at 8 MeV. U-238 relies on theoretical calculation, 10% uncertainty (P. Vogel et al., PRC24, 1543 (1981)). Normally U-238 contributes (7-10)% fissions. Energy Release per Fission U-238 (n,?) Reaction Besides fission products, U-238(n,?)U-239 reaction contributes to neutrino yield. It is below inverse-? decay threshold (1.8 MeV) but it is important to low energy neutrino-electron scattering experiments (TEXONO, MUNU). Non-equilibrium Isotopes ILL spectr