RESEARCH DESIGN My Illinois State研究设计我的伊利诺斯州.pptVIP

You have experimental studies (designs) and non-experimental designs. -e.g. increase pay to see impact on performance or increase temp. to see impact on volume of an object. Creating conditions that result in high variability of study: indep. Var. Include subject in the study/sample that are sufficiently different from each other with respect to the study; indep. Variables. Otherwise- Range restriction Example:Socioeconomic conditions/class drug abuse or violation crimes So effective design is a function of: Precise and accurate measurement Controlling, confounding variables Adequate variability in values of indep. Variables to avoid range restriction Full range of appropriate subject selection But these two are related and their effects can not be examined separately Age Yrs Exp + Edu Perf =Income Historical Data since turn of Century on pollution longevity/life exp. Will show positive sig. Corr. -What will that suggest? -Medical advances are the confounding variables. -Spurious vs. substantial corr. To examine the effect of one, need to control (hold constant) the other Fertilizer-plant growth Temp, humidity, lighting Similar plant variety, age. Very effective variation on extraneous variables are evenly distributed among the groups being compared through laws of probability. E.g.cancer causing effect of a hair color on Mice from same litter randomly assigned e.g. to control for --- job ad education Fertilizer-plant growth Temp, humidity, lighting Similar plant variety, age. Very effective variation on extraneous variables are evenly distributed among the groups being compared through laws of probability. E.g.cancer causing effect of a hair color on Mice from same litter randomly assigned e.g. to control for --- job ad education Answer is no! Psychological effect of mere act of giving them what they believed, perceived to be beneficial. Experimenter Effect: Tendency to prejudice results especially in medical research Double Blind Experiments: Neither the