Restoration 18th Century 16601785 Mary Adams恢复amp第十八世纪16601785 玛丽亚当斯.pptVIP

Restoration 18th Century 1660-1785 Based on Norton Anthology of English Lit 8th edition Religion and Politics Return of Charles II (Stuart) after “Interregnum” of Cromwell family, during which country run by puritans or “dissenters” Anglican bishops were not tolerant of dissent Test ACT required all who attend university, and all holders of civil and military office, to take sacrament and deny belief in transubstantiation Widespread anti-catholic sentiment; blamed for fire of London and fictional “popish plot” Ousting of Stuarts James II, a Catholic, did not hide his sympathies like his father had. Ousted Dutchman William of Orange and his wife, James’ protestant daughter Mary, come to London and James flees to France: “Bloodless Revolution” His supporters, called Jacobites, persisted, especially in Scotland, until final unsuccessful uprising of Bonnie Prince Charlie in 1745 Succession settled on German Sophia, Electress of Hanover and her descendents (granddaughter of James I England’s New Wealth War of Spanish Succession in 1702 weakened England’s commercial rivals; England gained new colonies and contracts to supply slaves to Spain. New wealth created tensions between old and new money Whigs and Tories These aristocratic parties fight for ascendancy throughout period. Whigs, like “Petroleum conservatives,” tolerated dissenters; supported new moneyed interests (bankers, etc.); centralized government Tories, like “Bible belt conservatives,” supported monarchy, established church, affirmed land ownership as proper basis of wealth, suspicious of centralized government that rewarded followers with wealth Emergency of Empire First prime ministers (Walpole and Pitt) expand British power and commerce overseas Britain becomes colonial power, ruling Canada and India, though they lose American colonies. Slave trade enriches nation; opposition to slavery widespread by both Anglicans and Methodists Discontent: The rich get richer Great wealth does not spread to poor; wome