动词不定式、动名词用法及介词的用法.doc

动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解 一、作主语 ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ①It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⒉动名词作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如： ①It's +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing… It's no good reading in dim light. It's no use sitting here waiting. ②It's＋形容词＋doing It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. 这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式 代替，如：It's important for you to keep fit. ③There is no+doing There is no saying what will happen next. 在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于"It's impossible to…"结构。 ⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作，经常不与特定的动作执行者 联系在一起。如： It's no good eating too much fat. It's no good for you to eat so much fat. ②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如： It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules. 二、作宾语 ⒈不定式作宾语 ①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如： I decided to a