级临床医学本科6肌组织.pptVIP

Summary Muscle tissue is unique in that it can contract and perform mechanical work. The muscle cells are commonly referred to as muscle fibers. There are three kinds of muscles; skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are often called striated muscle, because the intracellular contractile proteins form an alternating series of transverse bands along the cell when viewed with the light microscope. Smooth muscle is so called because the contractile proteins are not arranged in the same orderly manner and the transverse bands are absent. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and sometimes called voluntary muscles. On the other hand, smooth muscle is not under conscious control and is often called involuntary muscle. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The muscle cells (fiber) are surrounded and supported by connective tissue that also supports their blood and nerve supply. 第6章 肌组织 Muscle tissue 概述 组织构成： 肌细胞（肌纤维）为主要功能细胞 结缔组织起填充,营养,保护,连接作用 神经纤维传导信息,对肌纤维的收缩,舒张起调控作用. 肌细胞胞质中的主要成分肌丝--是舒缩功能的物质基础 肌组织分类： 1 骨骼肌 心肌 平滑肌 2 横纹肌（包括骨骼肌 心肌） 平滑肌 3 随意肌（骨髓肌） 不随意肌（心肌 平滑肌） 一 骨骼肌 skeletal muscle 结缔组织膜： 营造肌纤维工作的微环境,并对肌纤维的再生修复起重要作用. 肌组织名词： 肌膜 肌丝 肌浆 肌纤维 肌浆网 骨骼肌纤维的光镜结构： 长棱柱形,多核,核位于肌浆周边.纵切面可见明暗相间的横纹 在肌纤维之间有较丰富的毛细血和肌卫星细胞 骨骼肌电镜结构： 肌浆含丰富的肌原纤维myofibril,大量线粒体,肌糖原,肌红蛋白. 肌原纤维的构成： 由肌节首尾相连构成,肌节-肌纤维收缩的基本结构单位. 肌节组成：1/2明带+暗带+1/2明带 明带（I带）Z线, 暗带（A带）,M线,H带 肌原纤维的构成： 粗肌丝thick filament附着于M线, 一端向Z线方向游离,由肌球蛋白myosin排列构成 细肌丝thin filament附着于Z线,一端向M线方向游离,由肌动蛋白actin, 原肌球蛋白tropomyosin, 肌原蛋白troponin有序排列构成. 肌原纤维周边结构 横小管transverse tubule 骨骼肌肌膜内陷形成的小管网,又称T小管,位于明暗带交界处,与肌膜的电兴奋传导有关. 肌浆网sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌纤维中的滑面内质网,结构上分纵小管和终池两部分. 三联体triad：横小管与两侧的终池共同组成,可将兴奋从肌膜传到肌浆网膜. 肌丝滑动原理简介： 1 膜生物电信号在三联体终池转变为钙泵激活,向肌浆内转运钙离子. 2