语法W1(语法老师的课件).pptVIP

Grammar: Week One Ranks of Grammar sentence clause phrase word morpheme 0.1 词素 Morphemes Morpheme: the smallest grammatical unit, also the smallest meaningful grammatical unit. Morpheme falls into two categories: free morphemes and bound morphemes. Free morphemes 自由词素: a free morpheme has a complete meaning and can stand by itself as a simple word. Bound morphemes 粘附词素: are mostly affixes, meaningful but not complete in itself unless it’s attached to some other form. Free morphemes 自由词素: boy, girl, class, give, take, kind, cruel, + affix= derivative: boy: boyfriend, boyish, boyhood Bound morphemes 粘附词素: un- -less dis- il- anti- pro- co- in- -ist -ment -al -ness 0.2 词 Words (根据构词法分为) 简单词、派生词、复合词 简单词 Simple Word/Morpheme Word: free and simple 派生词 Derivative: root + affix 复合词 Compound Word: morpheme + morpheme (根据语法功能分为) 封闭词类 、开放词类 封闭词类 Closed Class: all Function Words 开放词类 Open Class: all Content Words 0.3 词组 Phrases The noun phrase determiner+premodifier+noun+postmodifier The verb phrase (Finite Non-finite) modifier+main verb The adjective phrase modifier+adjective+postmodifier/complementation The adverb phrase modifier+adverb+postmodifier The prepositional phrase modifier+preposition+complementation 0.4 分句 Clauses Independent and dependent clauses Simple and complex clauses Main and subordinate clauses Finite and non-finite clauses Verbless clauses 0.5 句子 Sentences Full sentence and minor sentences Simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences Chapter 1 句子结构 Sentence Structure What is described hereafter as sentence structure, sentence elements, or sentence patterns is only concerned with the simple sentence, or rather with the clause. Simple sentence/Clause = phrase + phrase = Subject + Predicate Subject + Predicate 主语+谓语 They sat in silence for a while. Travel broadens the mind. He too seemed to be struggling with the concept. This movie is definitely overrated. He was imitating her voice now. We are meant to be exci