Chapter 7 Text.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Text DEFINING NUTRITIONAL STATUS Optimal nutritional status Undernutrition Overnutrition Nutritional requirements at different ages Infants and children Adolescence Pregnancy and lactation Adulthood The aging adult PURPOSES AND COMPONENTS OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT Purposes of nutritional assessment Nutrition screening Admission nutrition screening tool 24 hour diet recall Food frequency questionnaire Food diaries Direct observation Food guide pyramid SUBJECTIVE DATA – HEALTH HISTORY QUESTIONS 1. Eating patterns 2. Usual weight 3. Changes in appetite, taste, smell, chewing, swallowing 4. Recent surgery, trauma, burns, infection 5. Chronic illnesses 6. Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation 7. Food allergies or intolerances 8. Medications and/or nutritional supplements 9. Self-care behaviors 10. Alcohol or illegal drug use 11. Exercise and activity patterns 12. Family history OBJECTIVE DATA – PHYSICAL EXAM Equipment Needed Skinfold calipers – Lange or Harpenden Measurement tape Anthropometer Nutrition assessment data form OBJECTIVE DATA – PHYSICAL EXAM, cont. Anthropometric Measures Derived weight measures Body weight as percent of ideal body weight Percent usual body weight Recent weight change Skinfold thickness Technique of measurement Repeat 3 measurements, take average Mid-upper arm circumference (MAC) OBJECTIVE DATA – PHYSICAL EXAM, cont. Derived Anthropometric Measures Mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC) MAMC = MAC – (p x TSF) Mid-arm muscle area (MAMA) (MAC – MAMA) 2 Arm span or total arm length Frame Size by elbow breadth OBJECTIVE DATA – PHYSICAL EXAM, cont. Weight (kg) or Weight (lbs) Waist circumference LABORATORY STUDIES IN NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT Hemoglobin Hematocrit Cholesterol Triglycerides Total lymphocyte count Skin testing CLASSES OF MALNUTRITION Obesity Marasmus (protein-calorie malnutrition) Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition) Marasmus/kwashiorkor mix ABNORMALITIES DUE TO NUTRITIONA