CHAPTER1 preface.pptVIP

Two important lessons to learn from Mendel’s discovery The attitude to science: interested in discovering the wonders of the nature (laws, mechanisms) The method to conduct science: using simple models to understand the complicate or unknown story 1944, Oswald Avery: DNA is the right choice The genetic material of phage T2 is DNA. The Discovery of RNA as Viral Genetic Material TMV ( tobacco mosaic virus) 1957 Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and B. Singer RNA of one type + the protein of the other type ? the progeny specified by the RNA, not by the protein. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particle Demonstration that RNA is the genetic material in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) The Discovery of the DNA Double Helix DNA 由核苷酸组成 Chargaff定律: G=C, A=T. Rosalind Franklin提供的高清晰X衍射图片 Antiparallel strands of the double helix are organized in opposite orientation, so that the 5′ end of one strand is aligned with the 3′end of the other strand.Base pairing describes the specific interactions of A with T in DNA or with U in RNA, and C with G.Complementary pairing reactions in a duplex DNA.Supercoiling describes the coiling of a duplex DNA. * Advanced Molecular Biology 主讲教师：杨之帆 Email：sailyangzhf@Y 1 The Mendelian View of the World To explain how the genetic traits are transferred from the parents to the offspring 2 Nucleic Acids convey genetic information The stories opened a new era of modern biology Avery’s finding (1944): DNA can carry genetic specificity The Double Helix (1953) The Central Dogma (1958) The Era of Genomics (2000) 1944 by Osward T. Avery 1928 by Frederick Griffith 1944, Avery, et al: Determined the transforming principle Only nucleic acids. R→S Critics noted that the nucleic acid fraction was contaminated with proteins ? Treated with either RNase or protease and still found transforming activity. When treated with DNase, no transformation occurred. 3 Additional evidence: More evidence: 1953, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase E. coli infected with phage T2