计算机导论课件（北航）NP2014_Chapter01.pptVIP

* Figure 1-32 * * * * Figure 1-34 – 1-35 * * Figure 1-36 * * Figure 1-37 – 1-38 * Figure 1-39 * * * * Figure 1-41 * * * * Figure 1-45 * Figures 1-47 – 1-48 * * Figure 1-5 * Figure 1-7 * Figure 1-9 * * * * * * * * * Figure 1-13 * Figure 1-14 * * * * Figure 1-15 Figure 1-16 * * Figure 1-17 * Figure 1-18 * * Figures 1-20 and 1-21 * Figure 1-22 * * * * * * Figure 1-24 * Figure 1-25 * Figure 1-26 * Figure 1-29 * Figure 1-30 – 1-31 How the Processor or CPU Works: Control Unit, ALU, Registers, Buses Word size is the number of bits that the processor may process at any one time The CPU (central processing unit) is the “brain” of the computer; it follows the instructions of the software (program) to manipulate data into information. The CPU consists of two parts – (1) the control unit and (2) the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), both of which contains registers, or high speed storage areas. All are linked by a kind of electronic “roadway” called a bus How the Processor or CPU Works: Control Unit, ALU, Registers, Buses The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic operations and logical operations and controls the speed of those operations Registers are high-speed storage areas that temporarily store data during processing. The register can contain the address of a memory location where data is stored rather than the data itself The number of registers that a CPU has and the size of each (number of bits) help determine the power and speed of a CPU. For example, a 32 bit CPU is one in which each register is 32 bits wide. Therefore, each CPU instruction can manipulate 32 bits of data. There are several types of registers, including instruction register, address register, storage register, and accumulator register Processor Logic The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) is the part of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic operations The ALU uses registers to hold data that is being processed The microprocessor’s control unit fetches each instruction, just as you get each in