第章-消费者理论.pptVIP

 微观经济分析 Intermediate Microeconomics 微观经济学的两个主要原则 最大化：效用最大化、利润最大化 均衡： Ch 3: 消费者理论 第一节 Preference 在任何有关消费者选择的模型里，存在四大构造区域 消费集X ：代表一切备择物或整个消费计划的集合。 假设1.1 消费集X的性质（消费集的最低条件）是： 可行集B：代表一切的可选择的消费计划——是现实中在给定的环境里消费者可获得的消费备选物。则 偏好关系：对消费者感知选择环境的能力，以及消费者对不同选择对象的好恶信息等限制。 行为假设：消费者用于作出最终选择并确认选择中的最终目标的指导原理——消费者寻求认定与选择一个可以获得的备择物，后者依照其个人的喜好确定，属于最受偏爱的选择。 Rationality in Economics Behavioral Postulate:A decision maker always chooses its most preferred alternative from its set of available alternatives. So to model choice we must define Preferences over alternatives Available alternatives Notations 消费束 为 一组商品: x={x1, …, xn} Vector of prices: p={p1, …, pn}, where each price is non-negative (pi ?0, for all i) y is the lump sum money income Properties of the Consumption Set, X 消费集 Consumption set, X, represent the set of all alternatives, or complete consumption plans, that the consumer can conceive—whether some of them will be achievable in practice or not. Sometimes, consumption set is also called choice set. 消费束 Let x=(x1, x2,…xn) be a vector containing different quantities of each of the n commodities, x is called a consumption bundle or consumption plan. Properties of the Consumption Set, X Assumption 1.1: 消费集的最低条件 1. ??X?Rn+ 2. X is closed 3. X is convex. 4. 0 ?X. Properties of the Consumption Set, X 可行集 All those consumption plans that are both conceivable and more important, realistically obtainable given the consumer circumstances. Feasible set is that subset of the consumption set that remains after we have accounted for any constraints on the consumer’s access to commodities due to the practical, institutional, or economic realities of the world. Properties of the Consumption Set, X 偏好关系 A preference relation typically specifies the limits, if any, on the consumer’s ability to perceive in situations involving choice, the form of consistence or inconsistency in the consumer’s choice, and the information about t