商务基础英浙大出版社参考答案.doc

Unit 1 Passage 1 Translation 1. 一位著名学者在研究为什么现在那么多人让自己的生活被工作所侵占。科技应该要把我们从工作中解放出来才对，可是我们工作的时间却变长了——在家时，手机和电子邮件经常把我们跟办公室拴在一起。人依然在为实现自我价值、为大众、为身份而工作，但是在如今的工作场所，可能越来越难看到这些工作目标了。雇主和雇员间曾经共有的对彼此衷心的社会契约虽然已经不存在了，但是很多人还是为了工作牺牲个人时间，而股价的下跌却有可能让他们失去工作。通过追溯工作意义的演变和批判地分析过去100年来的管理实践，她提出了几个我们往往故意回避的问题，而这对我们极为不利。 * 临终前，你是否希望自己以前在办公室呆了更长的时间？ * 为什么我们总是用工作来证明自己，而不是工作以外的其他事情？ * 现今的商业环境下，雇主和雇员可以对彼此做什么样的承诺？ 2. Without performance-related pay, the main motives to work well are the desire to be respected and pride in your job. Advocates of performance-related pay assume that these motives will be unaffected if a third motive is added – the quest for extra pay. But this is wrong. In fact there is good psychological evidence that offering short-term rewards distracts people. These experiments show that short-term rewards are effective for routine work, but not for problem-solving; those paid for getting things right actually do worse than those who are not paid. Other experiments show that paying people for doing something actually reduces their other motives for doing it – the most famous example being blood donation, which is often found to decline if payment is involved. It is hard for some economists to understand that human nature is more complex than their models. But most people like to feel they are giving of themselves and giving more than is expected. Even in the private sector there are plenty of successful companies that use no individual incentives at all, and their number is growing. Passage 2 Post-Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary 1. 1) No 2) Yes 3) No 4) Yes 5) No 6) No 7) No 8) Yes 9) Yes 10)Yes 2. Part A 1) D 2) C 3) B 4) F 5) A 6) E 7) I 8) J 9) G 10) H Part B 1) extricate 2) articulate 3) visionary 4) chronic 5) bemoan 6) obsess 7) reverse 8) publicity 9) illuminated 10) epidemic Passage 3 Post-Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary 1. 1) aroused/invoked 2) twosome 3) harsh 4) spill 5) potential 6) subordinate 7) consequences 8) authority 9) conduct