量子盘中量子比特的性质_NoRestriction.pdfVIP

内蒙古民族大学 硕士学位论文 量子盘中量子比特的性质 姓名：萨仁高娃 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：理论物理 指导教师：赵翠兰摘 要 本文在圆盘型量子点中电子一声子强耦合模型的基础上，采用求解能量本征方 程、幺正变换和元激发理论相结合的方法，研究了盘型量子点中能态变化的规律及温 度对量子盘中极化子性质的影响，以极化子的基态和第一激发态构造了一个量子比 特，研究了量子盘中LO声子的退相干效应。 首先，在考虑电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下，通过求解能量本征方程，得 到量子盘中电子的基态能量和第一激发态能量及其相应的本征波函数：采用幺正变换 和元激发理论的方法研究了量子盘中的声子效应，讨论了温度对量子盘中极化子性质 南^1的影响。数值计算表明：当温度介于o-qrc(砭=半)之间时，声子不能被激发， kB 温度对量子盘的各能态不会产生影响；当温度升高至耳以上时，温度对量子盘中极化 子的各能态会产生影响，且温度愈高，被激发的声子数愈多，能量就愈大；结果还表 明，能量随着电子一声子耦合强度的增大而减小，因为电子一声子相互作用愈强，电 子一声子相互作用能的绝对值就愈大，极化子基态能量就愈小。 其次，以极化子的基态和第一激发态为基础构造一个量子比特，研究量子盘中LO 声子的退相干效应。数值计算结果表明：量子盘中电子或极化子的能量随盘半径的增 大而减小，半径愈大，减小速度愈缓慢；且随着量子盘半径的增大，导致两能级差减 小，致使振荡周期增大。考虑声子效应的振荡周期疋+曲随量子盘半径的变化规律与不 考虑声子效应时相同。但计及声子效应后，相对疋而言，量子比特的振荡周期￡+衲减 小；结果还表明，给定空间点的量子盘的概率密度随时间作周期性振荡，概率密度的 幅值与声子无关，振荡周期由于声子效应而减小。 关键词：量子盘；极化子；量子信息；量子比特；声子效应 Property of Qubit in Quantum Disk Abstract． The energy levels of electron or polaron and the effect of temperature on polaron in quantum disk were studied by solving energy eigenequation，unitary transformatiom and elementary excitation theory method．A qubit was formed by overlying both the ground state and the first excited state of polaron．The decoherence effect of LO phonons on qubit in quantum dish Was discussed． First of all，in the case of electron-LO-phonon strong coupling，the energy of the ground state，the first excited state and the second excited state of electron in quantum disk were obtained by solving precisely the energy eigen-equation,and the phonon effect and the temperature effect were studied by using unitary transformation and elementary excitation flaeory method．Numerical results showed that few phonons were excited when 0TTc(疋=hro￡D／％)， when TZc，the energies of polaron were effected by temperature．The hi曲er temperature Was，the more excieted phonons were，and the larger energy was．The results a／so indicated that the energy of the ground state decreased with the increasing of the interaction strength between electron and phonoIl，because of the stronger electron—LO-phonon interacti