武术文化传承与发展式微的社会学分析：基于中、日、韩的跨文化比较.pdfVIP

首 都 休 育 学 院 学 报 - Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education 武术文化传承与发展式微的社会学分析： 基于中、日、韩的跨文化比较 Sociology Analysis on Heritage and Development of M artial arts — Based on China．Japan and Korea Cross—cultural Comparison 赵 进 ZHAO Jin 摘 要：为探寻武术文化传承与发展路 径，通过收集文献 资料，对中、日、韩 3国民族传统体育的代 表——武术、柔道、跆拳道在竞技体育、学校体育、群众体育领域的发展现状进行比较，分析跆拳道、柔道 传播与发展成功的因素及武术文化式微的原因。认为武术文化在竞技体育领域没能进入奥运、在学校 体育领域的开展不够普遍、在群众体育领域传承与发展主体的断层与缺失以及竞技武术与传统武术发 展的不平衡等现状，从社会学角度分析，可以归因为：社会转型及现代化进程的加快与传统武术文化的 脱节、改革开放西方体育文化的冲击与对西方体育文化的全方位接纳、传统武术传承与发展主体——农 民职业身份的转变、竞技武术的商业化操作、传统文化中宗法制度的不利影响、对武术文化传承与发展 的管理失衡等，并据此对武术文化的未来发展进行前瞻。 关键词：武术；柔道；跆拳道 ；传承与发展 ；社会学 中图分类号：G 852 文章编号：1009—783X(2012)01一O020—05 文献标志码：A Abstract：In order to explore the path of martial arts culture heritage and development，this paper corn— pared the development of martial arts，iudo and taekwondo of China，Japan and Korea in the field of sports，school physical education and mass sports，analyzed the successful developing factors of taekwondo and udo and the decline reasons of martial arts，put forwarded the following questions：martial arts failed to become an event of Olympic Games，unpopular in the range of school physical education and lack of successor in mass sports as wel as the imbalance of the development of competitive martial arts and the traditional martial arts．From the point of sociological perspective，those attributed to the following rea～ sons：martial arts was out of touch with the accelerating of the social transformation and modernization process，the impact of W estern sports culture and the ful range of acceptance of western sports culture during the reforrn and opening up，the professional identity transform ation of the main successor of the traditional martial art，commercial operation of the competitive martial arts，the patriarchy adverse of tra～ ditional culture impacted on the martial arts and imbalances of the cultural heritage management and de～ velopment．Accordingly，the future cultural development of martial arts was prospe