被动语态的学习讲义.doc

被动语态的学习讲义 (1)一般结构 be+过去分词 还有一些主动形式表示被动意思的 need diong(初中就这个) 这种形式我们宁波的中考就不要求掌握的 (2)感官动词用主动形式表示被动(比如feel taste 等等) (3)被动语态中的过去分词一定是及物动词 因为要把原来的宾语做主语 说明宾语是一定有的 如果是不及物动词的话有些词可以用主动形式表示被动,有些没有被动 特别要注意happen这个词 经常考到的 它没有被动形式的 用法也和中文有差别 最好仔细去看看语法书 (I)被动语态的概念 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，如：People grew rice in this area some years ago.被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school. (II)被动语态的构成 语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 1.一般现在时 am/is/are+V(p.p) 人们利用电能运转机器。People use electricity to run machines. Electricity is used to run machines. Is electricity used to run machines? Yes, it is . / No, it isn’t. 2.一般过去时 was/were + V(p.p) 昨天我们在山坡上种了许多树。We planted many trees on the hill yesterday. Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday. Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday? Yes, they were. / No, they were not. 3.一般将来时 will/shall +be+V(p.p) 下星期我们将举行一场运动会。We will hold a sports meeting next week. A sports meeting will be held next week. Will a sports meeting be held next week? Yes, it will. / No, it won’t. 4.过去将来时 should/would +be+V(p.p) 他告诉我们人们将在他家乡建一个大水坝。He told us that people would build a big reservoir in his hometown. We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown. Were you told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown? Yes, we were./No, we weren’t. 5.现在进行时 am/is/are +being+V(p.p) 语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 他正在油漆房子。He is painting the house. A house is being painted. Is the house being painted? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t . 6.过去进行时 was/were +being+V(p.p) 当我进厨房时，她正在做蛋糕。She was making a cake when I came into the kitchen. A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen. Was a cake being made when I came into the kitchen? Yes, it was./ No, it wasn’t. 7.现在完成时 have/has +been+V(p.p) 他已经结束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it has