植物生物学提纲概述.docVIP

植物生物学 （Plant biology） 以植物为主要对象， 揭示植物个体发育（形态、结构）和系统发育（起源、进化）过程中的基本规律的科学 植物生物学 （Plant Biology） 研究植物体的形态、结构和功能（个体发育） 研究植物生长发育的生理与生化基础（生理） 研究植物与环境之间的相互关系及相互作用（生态） 研究植物多样性的产生和发展的过程与机制（起源、进化） What and why do we want to learn plant biology? Structure, development, diversification of plant and the relationship between humans and environment Human and animal dependence on plant How to learn Plant Biology Know the basic concepts and defines Learn the Function and significance Understand the biology process Plant versus animal Living form(fixed on the ground) Cell wall Chloroplast Meristem tissue 1-1. Concept of cell cell: The basic unit of living organisms activity, development and heredity. procaryotic cell： Cells without nuclei, organelles. eucaryotic cell： Cells with nuclei, organelles. Cell size and form: Plant consists of cells Variety of cells: different shape and size (sphere, cube, elongate, polyhedron and so on) Cells size vary between 10-100 mm 1-2. What dose make up of a plant cell? 细胞壁 (cell wall) 原生质体(protoplast) 细胞核 (nuclear) 细胞质 (cytoplasm) 细胞器 (organelle) 1-3. Cell wall 胞间层 (middle lamella) 果胶类物质(pectins) 初生壁 (primary wall) 纤维素 (cellulose)、半纤维素（hemicelluloses）果胶类物质(pectins) 次生壁 (secondary wall) 纤维素 (cellulose)、半纤维素（hemicelluloses）木质素(lignin) 另外还有多种酶类 (enzymes)和糖蛋白 Pit field and pit 纹孔场（pit field）：thin areas in the primary cell wall 纹孔（pit）：cavities in cell wall where the secondary wall dose not form 单纹孔（single pit） 具缘纹孔 bordered pits bulge out from the secondary cell wall 纹孔膜：parts of intercellular layer and primary cell wall between a pair of pits The Relations between plant cells 胞间连丝 (plasmodesma): a structure in which through a pore in the cell wall connect adjacent cells Plasmodesmata are bridges for transportation and communication between protoplasts 1-4 原生质体 原生质体(protoplast) 细胞核 (nuclear) 细胞质 (cytoplasm) 细胞器 (organelle) 细胞核（nuclear） 通常一个细胞只有一个细胞核，偶有双核或多核 细胞核一般圆球形，直径约10-20mm 细胞核 核被膜(nuclear envelop) 染色质(chromatin) 核仁(