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獨立主格结构
独立主格结构
一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。
如： Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. A little girl walked past, her doll dragged behind her on the pavement.
1．独立主格结构的形式：
（1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语 The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following.
（2）名词 / 代词 + -en分词及其短语 Good-bye said, we went home. All things considered, it is a good plan.
（3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语 The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming. Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated.
（4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
（5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语 The meeting (being) over, we left the room. He sat at the desk, collar off, head down, and pen in position.
（6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语 She stood there, book in hand. Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.
2．with + 复合宾语结构
这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。
（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词 The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon. He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh. With a face all smiles he told us that the village expected a good harvest.
（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词 The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. With tears in their eyes, many old workers came to say good-bye to us. He was asleep with his head on his arms. Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free medical treatment, with medicines at half price.
（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 He went out with his hat on. The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.
（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Don’t speak with your mouth full. The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.
（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词 With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains. With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed. S
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