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Global permanent deformations triggered by the Sumatra earthquake.pdf

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Global permanent deformations triggered by the Sumatra earthquake

Global permanent deformations triggered by the Sumatra earthquake E. Boschi, E. Casarotti, R. Devoti, D. Melini, A. Piersanti, G. Pietrantonio, F. Riguzzi Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma (Italy), e-mail: piersanti@ingv.it (submitted to Science Brevia on March 12 2005; Manuscript Number: 1112352) The devastating megathrust earthquake of December 26 2004 off the west coast of northern Sumatra has been probably the largest since the 1960 Chile event. Its moment magnitude has been estimated to be 9.0 (corresponding to a seismic moment release of 4 1022 N m) using surface wave data but some researchers suggest that about 2/3 of the elastic energy has been emitted aseismically exciting only extremely low frequency normal modes (1). This event was energetic enough to have detectable effects on Earth rotational parameters. Very preliminary calculations, taking into account only the high frequency energy emission and consequently underestimating global effects show that the Sumatra earthquake should have produced a pole shift large enough to be identified in the observed data series, a small change in the length of the day and a change in the oblateness of the Earth (2). Though there have been, in the last years, several numerical results indicating that the permanent deformation field associated with giant earthquakes could be detectable on extremely large scale (comparable with plate dimension), until now, extremely far field post-earthquake deformations have never been detected except for a single controversial observation associated with the Alaska 1964 event (3, 4). Now, the Sumatra event represents a unique candidate to test this hypothesis. With this aim, the world-wide network of permanent IGS sites have been examined using the weekly averaged time series available at the SOPAC data centre (ftp:\\). After constraining the weekly GPS solutions to the ITRF2000 frame, the time series have been subject to a hypothesis test (t