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Identification of extragalactic sources of the highest energy EGRET photons by correlation.pdf

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Identification of extragalactic sources of the highest energy EGRET photons by correlation

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 5 0 5 5 9 7 v 1 3 0 M a y 2 0 0 5 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 1–5 (2005) Printed 2 February 2008 (MN LATEX style file v2.2) Identification of extragalactic sources of the highest energy EGRET photons by correlation analysis D. S. Gorbunov1, P. G. Tinyakov2,1, I. I. Tkachev3,1 and S. V. Troitsky1? a Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary prosp. 7a, 117312, Moscow, Russia bService de Physique The?orique, Universite? Libre de Bruxelles, CP225, blv. du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium c CERN Theory Division, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland ABSTRACT We found significant correlations between the arrival directions of the highest energy photons (Eγ 10 GeV) observed by EGRET and positions of the BL Lac type objects (BL Lacs). The observed correlations imply that not less than three per cent of extragalactic photons at these energies originate from BL Lacs. Some of the correlating BL Lacs have no counterparts in the EGRET source catalog, i.e. do not coincide with strong emitters of gamma-rays at lower energy. The study of correlating BL Lacs suggests that they may form a subset which is statistically different from the total BL Lac catalog; we argue that they are prominent candidates for TeV gamma- ray sources. Our results demonstrate that the analysis of positional correlations is a powerful approach indispensable in cases when low statistics limits or even prohibits the standard case-by-case identification. Key words: BL Lacertae objects: general - method: statistical - gamma-rays: theory. 1 INTRODUCTION Identification of point sources observed at different wave- lengths is a standard problem in astronomy. This problem becomes very difficult at high energies, when the angular res- olution decreases and a mere positional coincidence becomes insufficient for the identification (an example is the EGRET catalog of point sources (Hartman et al. 1999) more than a half of which have no