Metastability, negative specific heat and weak mixing in classical long-range many-rotator.pdfVIP

a r X i v : c o n d - m a t / 0 2 0 4 0 2 9 v 1 [ c o n d - m a t .s t a t - m e c h ] 1 A p r 2 0 0 2 Metastability, negative specific heat and weak mixing in classical long-range many-rotator system Benedito J.C. Cabrala,b and Constantino Tsallisb,c ? a Departamento de Qu??mica e Bioqu??mica, Faculdade de Cie?ncias da Universidade de Lisboa, Edif??cio C8, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal bCentro de F??sica da Mate?ria Condensada, Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal cCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F??sicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil Abstract We perform a molecular dynamical study of the isolated d = 1 classical Hamiltonian H = 12 ∑N i=1 L 2 i + ∑ i6=j 1?cos(θi?θj) rαij ; (α ≥ 0), known to exhibit a second order phase transition, being disordered for u ≡ U/NN? ≥ uc(α, d) and ordered otherwise (U ≡ total energy and N? ≡ N1?α/d?α/d1?α/d ). We focus on the nonextensive case α/d ≤ 1 and observe that, for u uc, a basin of attraction exists for the initial conditions for which the system quickly relaxes onto a longstanding metastable state (whose duration presumably diverges with N like N?) which eventually crosses over to the microcanonical Boltzmann-Gibbs stable state. The temperature associated with the (scaled) average kinetic energy per particle is lower in the metastable state than in the stable one. It is exhibited for the first time that the appropriately scaled maximal Lyapunov exponent λmaxuuc(metastable) ∝ N?κmetastable ; (N → ∞), where, for all values ?ben@adonis.cii.fc.ul.pt, tsallis@cbpf.br 1 of α/d, κmetastable numerically coincides with one third of its value for u uc, hence decreases from 1/9 to zero when α/d increases from zero to unity, re- maining zero thereafter. This new and simple connection between anomalies above and below the critical point reinforces the nonextensive universality sce- nario. PACS numbers: 05.70.Fh, 64.60.Fr, 05.50.+q The foundations of statistical mechanics