ON THE GENERALIZED FIBONACCI AND PELL SEQUENCES BY HESSENBERG MATRICES.pdfVIP

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ON THE GENERALIZED FIBONACCI AND PELL SEQUENCES BY HESSENBERG MATRICES.pdf

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ON THE GENERALIZED FIBONACCI AND PELL SEQUENCES BY HESSENBERG MATRICES

ON THE GENERALIZED FIBONACCI AND PELL SEQUENCES BY HESSENBERG MATRICES E. KILIC1 AND D. TASCI2 Abstract. In this paper, we consider the generalized Fibonacci and Pell Se- quences and then show the relationships between the generalized Fibonacci and Pell sequences, and the Hessenberg permanents and determinants. 1. Introduction The Fibonacci sequence, fFng ; is de?ned by the recurrence relation, for n 1 Fn+1 = Fn + Fn1 (1.1) where F0 = 0; F1 = 1: The Pell Sequence, fPng ; is de?ned by the recurrence relation, for n 1 Pn+1 = 2Pn + Pn1 (1.2) where P0 = 0; P1 = 1: The well-known Fibonacci and Pell numbers can be generalized as follow: Let A be nonzero, relatively prime integers such that D = A2 +4 6= 0: De?ne sequence fung by, for all n 2 (see [17]), un = Aun1 + un2 (1.3) where u0 = 0; u1 = 1: If A = 1; then un = Fn (the nth Fibonacci number). If A = 2; then un = Pn ( the nth Pell number). An alternative is to let the roots of the equation t2 At 1 = 0 be, for n 0 un = n n : The sequence fung have studied by several authors (see [6], [1]). The following identities can be found in [6], [1]: un+1 = bn2 cP k=0 nk k An2k: (1.4) There are many connections between permanents or determinants of tridiagonal matrices and the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. For example, Minc [15] de?ne a n n super diagonal (0; 1)matrix F (n; k) for n k 2; and show that the permanent of F (n; k) equals to the generalized order-k Fibonacci numbers. Also he give some relations involving the permanents of some (0; 1)Circulant matrices and the usual Fibonacci numbers. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi?cation. 11B37, 15A15, 15A51. Key words and phrases. Second order linear recurrences, Generalized doubly stochastic matrix, Permanent, Determinant. 1 2 E. KILIC1 AND D. TASCI2 In [10], the authors present a nice result involving the permanent of an (1; 0; 1)- matrix and the Fibonacci Number Fn+1: The authors then explore similar directions involving the positive subscripted