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On the potential of extrasolar planet transit surveys.pdf

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On the potential of extrasolar planet transit surveys

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 5 0 8 1 0 9 v 3 8 S e p 2 0 0 5 Astronomy Astrophysics manuscript no. 3030 February 5, 2008 (DOI: will be inserted by hand later) On the potential of extrasolar planet transit surveys M. Gillon1, F. Courbin2, P. Magain1, and B. Borguet1 1 Institut d’Astrophysique et de Ge?ophysique, Universite? de Lie?ge, Alle?e du 6 Aou?t, 17, Bat. B5C, Lie?ge 1, Belgium 2 Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fe?de?rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire, CH–1290 Sauverny, Switzerland Abstract. We analyse the respective benefits and drawbacks of ground–based and space–based transit surveys for extrasolar planets. Based on simple but realistic assumptions about the fraction of lower main sequence stars harboring telluric and giant planets within the outer limit of the habitable zone, we predict the harvests of fictitious surveys with three existing wide field optical and near–IR cameras: the CFHT–Megacam, SUBARU–Suprime and VISTA–IR. An additional promising instrument is considered, VISTA–Vis, currently under development. The results are compared with the harvests predicted under exactly the same assumptions, for the space missions COROT and KEPLER. We show that ground–based wide field surveys may discover more giant planets than space missions. However, space surveys seem to constitute the best strategy to search for telluric planets. In this respect, the KEPLER mission appears 50 times more efficient than any of the ground–based surveys considered here. KEPLER might even discover telluric planets in the habitable zone of their host star. Key words. astrobiology – planetary systems – surveys – techniques: photometric 1. Introduction More than 160 extrasolar planets have been discovered1 since the first detection of a “Hot Jupiter” around the main–sequence star 51 Peg (Mayor Queloz, 1995). Most of these discoveries are the results of radial velocity (RV) searches. However, while RV searches are very efficient at detecting massive plan