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On Whitney numbers of the Order Ideals of Generalized Fences and Crowns.pdf

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On Whitney numbers of the Order Ideals of Generalized Fences and Crowns

a r X i v : m a t h / 0 5 0 5 6 3 6 v 2 [ m a t h .C O ] 1 7 J u n 2 0 0 5 On Whitney numbers of the Order Ideals of Generalized Fences and Crowns Alessandro Conflitti ? Fakulta?t fu?r Mathematik Universita?t Wien Nordbergstra?e 15 A-1090 Wien Austria alessandro.conflitti@univie.ac.at AMS Subject Classification: 05A15, 06A07. Abstract We solve some recurrences given by E. Munarini and N. Zagaglia Salvi proving explicit closed formulas for Whitney numbers of the distributive lattices of order ideals of the fence poset and crown poset. Moreover, we get explicit closed formulas for Whitney numbers of lattices of order ideals of fences with higher asymmetric peaks. 1 Introduction and Preliminaries In [10] authors consider the distributive lattices of all order ideals of the fence poset and crown poset ordered by inclusion, and they are able to prove ?Fully supported by European Research Training Network “Algebraic Combinatorics in Europe” under the grant # HPRN–CT–2001–00272. 1 recursive formulas for their Whitney numbers. In this paper, using purely combinatorial methods, we solve these recursions giving explicit closed for- mulas for the corresponding rank polynomials. Moreover, in § 3 we consider a more general class of fence posets, namely fences with higher asymmetric peaks, and we get explicit closed formulas for Whitney numbers of lattices of their order ideals. For others combinatorial results about lattices of order ideals of finite posets and their Whitney numbers, we remind to [3, 7, 14, 15]. In the sequel we collect some definitions, notations and results that will be used in the following. For x ∈ R we let ?x? = max{n ∈ Z : n ≤ x} and ?x? = min{n ∈ Z : n ≥ x}; for any n,m ∈ N, n ≤ m, we let [n,m] = {t ∈ N : n ≤ t ≤ m}, and [n] = [1, n], therefore [0] = ?. For any complex number a, we define the rising factorial as (a)0 = 1 and (a)m = ∏m?1 j=0 (a+ j) for any m ∈ N \ {0}.The cardinality of a set X will be denoted by #X . We follow [1, 6, 13] for combi