中山大学有机化学课件4.PPTVIP

第四章;第四章重点内容;一、 含 N, O, X 官能团化合物的命名;一、 含 N, O, X 官能团化合物的命名;C. 1, 6-dichlorocyclohexene 1, 6-二氯环己烯 D. 6-bromo-3-chloro-4-methylcyclohexene 4-甲基-3-氯-6-溴环己烯 E. (Z)-2-bromo-4-ethyl-7-methyl-4-octene (Z)-7-甲基-4-乙基-2-溴-4-辛烯;2. Ethers The IUPAC system names an ether as an alkane, alkene or alkyne that has an RO subsituent (e.g. ethoxyethane). The substituents are named by replacing the “yl” ending in the name of the alkyl subtituent with “oxy”;1-ethoxy-3-methyl-2-pentene 3-甲基-1-乙氧基-2-戊烯 1,4-diisopropoxybutane 1, 4-二异丙氧基丁烷;3. Alcohols（醇）, aldehydes（醛）, ketones （酮）, carboxylic acid （羧酸）and their derivatives, amines（胺） The following rules are used when naming a compound that has a functional group suffix ;表4-1 含N、O、X官能团的词头词尾中英文名称;表4-1 含N、O、X官能团的词头词尾中英文名称(续);1) The parent hydrocarbon is the longest continuous chain containing the functional group, and is numbered in the direction that given the functional group suffix the lowest possible number.;2-ethyl-1-pentanol or 2-ethylpentan-1-ol 2-乙基-1-戊醇 B. 2-propoxy-1-ethanol or 2-propoxyethan-1-ol 2-丙氧基-1-乙醇;3) If the same number for the functional group suffix is obtained in both directions, the chain is numbered in the direction that gives a substituent the lowest possible number;4) If there is more than one substituent, the substituents are cited in alphabetical order (English name) or “order rule” (Chinese name).;Remember： The name of a substituent is stated before the name of the parent hydrocarbon The functional group suffix is stated after the name of the parent hydrocarbon.;A. 5-hydroxypentanal B. 4-penten-2-one C. 4-methyl-2-oxo-hexanoic acid;A. Benzene carbaldehyde (benzaldehyde) 苯甲醛 B. Cyclohexyl carboxylic acid 环己烷羧酸 C. 3-phenylpropanoic acid 3-苯基丙酸 D. 2-bromo-4-methylcyclohexanol 4-甲基-2-溴环己醇;A. 1-butanamine or butan-1-amine (1-丁胺) B. N-ethyl-3-hexanamine or N-ethylhexan-3-amine (N-乙基-3-己胺) C. N-ethyl-N-methyl-1-propanamine or N-ethyl-N-methylprop