Critical illness VR rehabilitation device (X-VR-D) Evaluation of.pdf

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Critical illness VR rehabilitation device (X-VR-D) Evaluation of.pdf

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Critical illness VR rehabilitation device (X-VR-D) Evaluation of

Available online at Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 18 (2008) 480–486 /locate/jelekinCritical illness VR rehabilitation device (X-VR-D): Evaluation of the potential use for early clinical rehabilitation H. Van de Meent a,*, B.C.M. Baken a, S. Van Opstal a, P. Hogendoorn b a University Medical Centre St Radboud, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Reinierpostlaan 4, POB 9191, Postal code 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands b MCW Studio’s, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Received 30 March 2006; received in revised form 27 October 2006; accepted 14 November 2006Abstract We present a new critical illness VR rehabilitation device (X-VR-D) that enables diversified self-training and is applicable early in the rehabilitation of severely injured or ill patients. The X-VR-D consists of a VR program delivering a virtual scene on a flat screen and simultaneously processing commands to a moving chair mounted on a motion system. Sitting in the moving chair and exposed to a vir- tual reality environment the device evokes anticipatory and reactive muscle contractions in trunk and extremities for postural control. In this study we tested the device in 10 healthy subjects to evaluate whether the enforced perturbations indeed evoke sufficient and repro- ducible EMG muscle activations. We found that particular fast roll and pitch movements evoke adequate trunk and leg muscle activity. Higher angular velocities and higher angles of inclination elicited broader EMG bursts and larger amplitudes. The muscle activation pattern was highly consistent between different subjects and although we found some habituation of EMG responses in consecutive training sessions, the general pat- tern was maintained and was predictable for specific movements. The habituation was characterized by more efficient muscle contrac- tions and better muscle relaxation during the rest positions of the device. Furthermore we found that the addition of a virtual environment to the training session evoked more