Unit1　FriendshipUnit1SectionⅣ　GrammarWriting同步课件（人教版必修1）.pptVIP

;直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ) 直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 John said，“I have worked out this maths problem.” 约翰说：“我已经算出了这道数学题。”(直接引语) →John said that he had worked out that maths problem. 约翰说他已经算出了那道数学题(间接引语);一、陈述句 直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句(that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say，tell，repeat，explain，think等。同时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。其一般规则如下：;?1.时态的变化 ;直接引语转换 成间接引语时 时态的变化;[注意]　下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变： ①主句的谓语动词时态为一般现在时或一般将来时。 ???Li Ming does well in English，”says Ling Ling. →Ling Ling says that Li Ming does well in English. ②直接引语陈述的是客观事实或真理。 “The earth goes around the sun，”said our teacher. →Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.;③直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语。 “I was employed by the company in 1998，”the young man told me. →The young man told me that he was employed by the company in 1998. ;?2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 ;直接引语转换 成间接引语 时词的变化;直接引语转换 成间接引语 时词的变化;[注意]　如果在说话地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go；如果在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。 ?3.人称代词的变化 (1)一随主：若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。 (2)二随宾：若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。 ;(3)第三人称不更新：直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需变化。 John said，“I’ll try my best to help you.” →John said (that)he would try his best to help me. Mary said，“Jane is in the reading room now.” →Mary said (that)Jane was in the reading room then. ;二、疑问句 直接引语是疑问句时，间接引语要用陈述句语序，主句的谓语动词常用ask，或改为wonder，do not know等。 ?1.若直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变间接引语时将直接引语变为由it或whether引导的宾语从句。 “Are you good at English？”Mary asked. →Mary asked if/whether I was good at English. “You have worked here for a long time，haven’t you？”he asked. →He asked (me)if/whether I had worked there for a long time. ;?2.若直接引语为特殊疑问句，则将直接引语变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。 “Where are you from？”the boss asked me. →The boss asked me where I was from. ?3.若直接引语是选择疑问句，则将直接引语变为whether...or...引导的宾语从句。 “Do you want to go home or stay here？”she asked. →She asked (me)whether I wanted to go home or stay there. ;Ⅰ.将下列直接引语变成间接引语(每空一词) 1．He said，“I am living with my old brother.” He said that ________ ________ ________ with _______