英语句子中谓语动词的语气有3种.docVIP

英语句子中谓语动词的语气有三种： 1. 直陈语气（The Indicative Mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态： He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。 2. 祈使语气（The Imperative Mood） 祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等： Wait outside until you are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。 Lets just take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？ 3. 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood） 虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。例如： I wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。 If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment. 我要???有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。 Would you mind shutting the door ? 劳驾您把门关上。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法 1. 表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况，条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词要用“would / should / could / might+have+过去分词”。如： If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen him. 如果你昨天来到这里，你就会看见他了。 2. 表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were)，而主句中的谓语动词则要用“would / should / could / might+动词原形”。如： If I had his telephone number, I would call him now. 如果我有他的电话号码，我现在就打电话给他。 If I were you, I would not tell him that. 如果我是你，我就不把那件事告诉他。 3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反的假设情况时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用：1) should+动词原形，或2) 一般过去式，或3) were+不定式，主句中的谓语动词要用“would+动词原形“。如： If it snowed tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. = If it were to snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. = If it should snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. 如果明天下雪，许多庄稼都会冻死。 4. 有时候，条件和结果不是指同一个时间，这时，应根据上面谈到的几种情况，使用相应的形式，这种虚拟语气形式被称为错综虚拟语气。如： If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you would know how to do the exercise now. 如果你昨天认真听了老师的讲话，你现在就知道如何做这道题了。 5. 使用虚拟语气时，有时候可以省略引导条件状语从句的连词if。这时，从句部分要使用部分倒装，即将从句部分的助动词were / had / should等提到主语前面。如： Were I you, I would not tell him that. Should it snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. Had you listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you would know how to do the exercise now. 二、含蓄性条件句 在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式出现，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，这就是“含蓄条件句”。常用的有以下四种： 1. 介词短语常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有without, with, in, under, but for等，他们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 1) without, with withou